Shihō-nage - Revision history

YellowHatGuy at 03:38, 26 January 2021

2021-01-26T03:38:58Z

YellowHatGuy at 05:59, 19 January 2021

2021-01-19T05:59:42Z

YellowHatGuy at 22:08, 23 December 2020

2020-12-23T22:08:38Z

YellowHatGuy at 17:56, 23 June 2019

2019-06-23T17:56:33Z

YellowHatGuy at 17:41, 23 June 2019

2019-06-23T17:41:52Z

YellowHatGuy at 04:53, 5 March 2019

2019-03-05T04:53:58Z

YellowHatGuy at 04:51, 5 March 2019

2019-03-05T04:51:27Z

YellowHatGuy at 20:13, 25 March 2017

2017-03-25T20:13:33Z

YellowHatGuy at 15:27, 4 March 2017

2017-03-04T15:27:09Z

YellowHatGuy at 12:08, 18 January 2017

2017-01-18T12:08:43Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], to the point that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka about Ō-sensei experimentally verifying that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one move for 20 years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.
-Aikidō is  mainly derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand variant of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword cut to the crown of the head, and down through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy to train, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, you should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
+Aikidō is mainly derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand variant of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword cut to the crown of the head, and down through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy to train, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, you should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
 [Video of shomen-giri, fast and slow, from the front and the side]
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 We have assimilated and adapted shihō-nage to suit our needs. Like all throws, shihō-nage consists of three parts:
-#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] can be used in shihō-nage setups, but they must distract the opponent ''without'' stopping them. Shihō-nage is best when used to redirect an attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, grab with both hands, and grip their forearm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Pull their hand down to your [[Center|center]]; pretend their hand is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This “high-level posture” is jōdan-no-kamae, the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
+#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] can be used in shihō-nage setups, provided they distract the opponent ''without'' stopping them; shihō-nage is best when used to redirect an attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, grab with both hands, gripping their forearm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Pull their hand down to your [[Center|center]]; pretend their hand is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This “high-level posture” is jōdan-no-kamae, the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
 #'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist 180° in the same direction, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to fold the opponent's arm, so their fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).<br /><br />
 #'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of being knocked off-balance and bent backwards topples the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move. In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner escapes injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], to the point that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka about Ō-sensei experimentally verifying that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one move for 20 years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.
-Aikidō is derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand variant of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword cut from the crown of the head through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy to train, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, you should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
+Aikidō is  mainly derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand variant of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword cut to the crown of the head, and down through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy to train, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, you should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
 [Video of shomen-giri, fast and slow, from the front and the side]
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 We have assimilated and adapted shihō-nage to suit our needs. Like all throws, shihō-nage consists of three parts:
-#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] can be used in shihō-nage setups, but they must distract the opponent ''without'' stopping them. Shihō-nage is best when used to redirect an attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab with both hands, and grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Pull their hand down to your [[Center|center]]; pretend their hand is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This “high-level posture” is jōdan-no-kamae, the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
+#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] can be used in shihō-nage setups, but they must distract the opponent ''without'' stopping them. Shihō-nage is best when used to redirect an attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, grab with both hands, and grip their forearm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Pull their hand down to your [[Center|center]]; pretend their hand is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This “high-level posture” is jōdan-no-kamae, the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
-#'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist in the same direction, 180°, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to fold the opponent's arm, so their  fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).  <br /><br />
+#'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist 180° in the same direction, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to fold the opponent's arm, so their fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).<br /><br />
-#'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of being knocked them-off balance and bent backwards will topple the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move.  In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner will escape injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
+#'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of being knocked off-balance and bent backwards topples the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move. In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner escapes injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
-Please note that there are no complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline. Be careful to never raise your hands above your forehead; clever opponents can exploit this over-extension, and counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
+Please note that there are no complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline.
 [video of shiho-nage fast and slow, from different angles.]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Shihō-nage''' is the “four-directions throw.” In Japanese, 4 and 8 euphemistically mean “many;” the name shihō-nage doesn’t refer to the fact you can throw someone in four different directions, but that it this technique can be executed by ''while moving in any direction''.
+'''Shihō-nage''' is the “four-directions throw.” In Japanese, "4" and "8" euphemistically mean “many.” The name shihō-nage doesn’t mean the opponent can be thrown in four different directions, it means that this technique can be executed ''while moving in any direction''.
-Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō]; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka that claims Ō-sensei experimentally verified his quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, which Ō-sensei had him practice for twenty years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.
+Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], to the point that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka about Ō-sensei experimentally verifying that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one move for 20 years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.
-Aikidō is derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand version of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword from the crown of the head through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy and effective to use, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, your should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
+Aikidō is derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand variant of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword cut from the crown of the head through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy to train, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, you should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
 [Video of shomen-giri, fast and slow, from the front and the side]
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 We have assimilated and adapted shihō-nage to suit our needs. Like all throws, shihō-nage consists of three parts:
-#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] should only be used to distract opponents ''without'' stopping them. Shihō-nage its most effective when its used to redirect the attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab their same-side hand too, if they have not grabbed yours. Grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Hold the opponent’s hand in front of your [[Center|center]]; pretend that it is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This is jōdan-no-kamae (“high-level posture”), the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
+#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] can be used in shihō-nage setups, but they must distract the opponent ''without'' stopping them. Shihō-nage is best when used to redirect an attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab with both hands, and grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Pull their hand down to your [[Center|center]]; pretend their hand is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This “high-level posture” is jōdan-no-kamae, the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
-#'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist in the same direction, 180°, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to make the opponent’s fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).  <br /><br />
+#'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist in the same direction, 180°, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to fold the opponent's arm, so their  fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).  <br /><br />
-#'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of knocking them-off balance and bending them backwards will topple the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move.  In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner will escape injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
+#'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of being knocked them-off balance and bent backwards will topple the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move.  In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner will escape injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
-Please note that there are no complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline. When performing shihō-nage, never raise your hands above your forehead. Clever opponents can exploit this over-extension to counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
+Please note that there are no complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline. Be careful to never raise your hands above your forehead; clever opponents can exploit this over-extension, and counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
 [video of shiho-nage fast and slow, from different angles.]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Shihō-nage''' is the “four-directions throw.” In Japanese, 4 and 8 euphemistically mean “many;” the name shihō-nage doesn’t refer to the fact you can throw someone in four different directions, but that it this technique can be executed by ''while moving in any direction''.
-Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], and aikidō founder, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka that claims Ō-sensei experimentally verified that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one technique for twenty years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.
+Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō]; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka that claims Ō-sensei experimentally verified his quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, which Ō-sensei had him practice for twenty years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.
-Aikidō is derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand version of shōmen-giri, a sword cut to the head, directed along the centerline. Shihō-nage was thus easy and effective for these samurai to use, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, your should be aware of how it feels to perform a shōmen-giri, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
+Aikidō is derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. Shihō-nage is an empty-hand version of shōmen-giri, a [https://youtu.be/mZHoHaAYHq8?t=28 downward sword from the crown of the head through the centerline]. Shihō-nage was thus easy and effective to use, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, your should be familiar with how a shōmen-giri feels, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
 [Video of shomen-giri, fast and slow, from the front and the side]
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 We have assimilated and adapted shihō-nage to suit our needs. Like all throws, shihō-nage consists of three parts:
-#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] should only be used to distract the opponent -- not to stop them. Shihō-nage is the most effective when it is used to redirect of the attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab their same-side hand too, if they have not grabbed yours. Grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Hold the opponent’s hand in front of your center; pretend that it is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This is jōdan-no-kamae (“high-level posture”), the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
+#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] should only be used to distract opponents ''without'' stopping them. Shihō-nage its most effective when its used to redirect the attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab their same-side hand too, if they have not grabbed yours. Grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Hold the opponent’s hand in front of your [[Center|center]]; pretend that it is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This is jōdan-no-kamae (“high-level posture”), the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
 #'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist in the same direction, 180°, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to make the opponent’s fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).  <br /><br />
 #'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of knocking them-off balance and bending them backwards will topple the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move.  In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner will escape injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
-Please note that there are no complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline. When performing shihō-nage, never raise your hands above your forehead. A clever opponent could exploit this over-extension to counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
+Please note that there are no complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline. When performing shihō-nage, never raise your hands above your forehead. Clever opponents can exploit this over-extension to counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
 [video of shiho-nage fast and slow, from different angles.]

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−	'''Shihō-nage''' is the “four-directions throw.” In Japanese, 4 and 8 ~~are synonymous with~~ “many;” the name shihō-nage doesn’t refer to the fact you can throw someone in four different directions, but that it this technique can be executed by ''while moving in any direction''.	+	'''Shihō-nage''' is the “four-directions throw.” In Japanese, 4 and 8 euphemistically mean “many;” the name shihō-nage doesn’t refer to the fact you can throw someone in four different directions, but that it this technique can be executed by ''while moving in any direction''.

	Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], and aikidō founder, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka that claims Ō-sensei experimentally verified that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one technique for twenty years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.		Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], and aikidō founder, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] believed that “all of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story among aikidōka that claims Ō-sensei experimentally verified that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one technique for twenty years. In the end, this student was still equal to his contemporaries.

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	[video of shiho-nage fast and slow, from different angles.]		[video of shiho-nage fast and slow, from different angles.]
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 Shihō-nage is the “four-directions throw.” In Japanese, 4 and 8 are synonymous with “many;” the name shihō-nage doesn’t refer to the fact you can throw someone in four different directions, but that it this technique can be executed by ''while moving in any direction''.
-Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], which was derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. The founder of aikidō, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] even went as far as to say that “All of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story in aikidō circles that Ō-sensei experimentally verified that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the only technique, and had him practice this one technique for twenty years. In the end, the student’s fighting ability was neither diminished nor compromised.
+Shihō-nage is a hallmark of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido aikidō], which was derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB_Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu], the proprietary martial art of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeda_clan Takeda clan] samurai. The founder of aikidō, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba] even went as far as to say that “All of aikidō is shihō-nage.” There’s a story in aikidō circles that Ō-sensei experimentally verified that quote -- he had a private student whom he [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d696t3yALAY intentionally trained wrong] by stating that shihō-nage was the ''only'' technique, and had him practice this one technique for twenty years. In the end, the student’s fighting ability was neither diminished nor compromised.
 Shihō-nage is an empty-hand variation of shōmen-giri, a sword cut to the head, directed along the centerline. This made shihō-nage an easy and effective takedown, since shōmen-giri is the fundamental technique which all Japanese swordsmanship is based upon. While we are not qualified to teach swordsmanship, your should be aware of how it feels to perform a shōmen-giri, and let that feeling guide you -- you must swing the sword tip ''forward'' (like casting a fly-fishing rod), and not ''downward'' (like an [http://axecop.com/comic/episode-1/ axe] or a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJWJE0x7T4Q sledgehammer]).
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 We have assimilated and adapted shihō-nage to suit our needs. Like all throws, shihō-nage consists of three parts:
-#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] should only be used to distract the opponent -- not to stop them. Shihō-nage is the most effective when it is used to redirect of the attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab their same-side hand, if they are not already grabbing yours, so that you grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Hold the opponent’s hand in front of your center; pretend that it is welded to the knot in your belt -- so that part of you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This is jōdan-no-kamae (“high-level posture”), the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
+#'''Kuzushi (Destroying balance):'''  Shihō-nage is simultaneously both a “towards throw” and an “away throw;” it can be setup to be used on opponents who are moving towards or away from you, charging in or backing away, pushing or pulling. An [[Atemi|atemi]] should only be used to distract the opponent -- not to stop them. Shihō-nage is the most effective when it is used to redirect of the attacker’s momentum. <br /><br /> [[7-3]] to the outside, while grabbing the opponent’s wrist with your opposite-side hand. (Ideally, also grab their same-side hand too, if they have not grabbed yours. Grip the opponent’s arm like a katana, baseball bat, or golf club.) Hold the opponent’s hand in front of your center; pretend that it is welded to the knot in your belt, so that you and your opponent have melted into each other, and are now one continuous piece. <br /><br /> Twist 180° to the inside, so that you and your opponent both face the same direction.  Take a step forward, raising your hands -- and with them, the opponent’s hands -- up along your centerline to forehead-level. This is jōdan-no-kamae (“high-level posture”), the standard attacking position in Japanese swordsmanship.<br /><br />
 #'''Tsukuri (Positioning):'''  Continue to twist in the same direction, 180°, until you face your opponent again. Reach out to make the opponent’s fingers touch their same-side shoulder blade (scapula).  <br /><br />
-#'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of knocking them-off balance and bending them backwards will topple the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move  In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner will escape injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
+#'''Nage (Throw):''' Step diagonally into the opponent for a hip check, while projecting their awkwardly-bent arm away from you -- more forward than downward. The combination of knocking them-off balance and bending them backwards will topple the opponent; squatting slightly augments this move.  In the [[Dōjō|dōjō]], your training partner will escape injury by performing a [[Rear_breakfall|rear breakfall]].
-Please note the lack of complicated hand motions; your will hands merely rise up and down your centerline. When performing shihō-nage, it is important that you do not raise your (and the opponent’s) hands above your forehead. A clever opponent could exploit this over-extension to counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
+Please note the lack of complicated hand motions; your hands merely rise up and down your centerline. When performing shihō-nage, it is important that you do not raise your (and the opponent’s) hands above your forehead. A clever opponent could exploit this over-extension to counterattack with a shihō-nage of their own.
 [video of shiho-nage fast and slow, from different angles.]